英文篇名
THE ASSESSMENT OF TUNNELLING SYSTEM OF FULL DISC CUTTER TUNNEL BORING MACHINE
作者
王友恭、李友恆
摘要
隧道施工的主要內容大致可分為兩大項,一是開挖的工作,一是支撐的工作。開挖工作可用一種全斷面隧道鑽掘機(Full Face Disc Cutter Tunnel Boring Machine,簡稱TBM)辦理,它是一種設計用來全斷面開挖隧道的機械。TBM一般較其他傳統開挖方法具有較高的開挖速率,但同時TBM亦會受到機械本身的許多限制的影響。比喻說,TBM開挖的前進速率(Advance Rate)等於切削速率(Penetration Rate)乘以機械之使用率(Utilization Rate),前者切削速率係針對某一特定的岩質(岩石參數值)設計,在此一特定之岩質下,機械才能發揮所設計的最佳切削表現(Optimal Cutting Performance),而在遭遇非設計特定之岩質時,由於機械本身的限制,無論是較硬或較軟的岩質,TBM的表現均無法達到設計之最佳切削速率及最低切削能量(Minimum Specific Energy,Energy/Volume)。後者機械使用率主要受機械閒置時間(Down Time)多寡的影響。TBM操作中,無論是機械維護及修理、切刀的拆換、龐大後勤支援系統之配合作業、不良地質環境的突破、或受人為操作管理等因素的影響,均可能或必須停止運轉,而使TBM實際用於開挖的時間減少很多。此外,TBM的造價極高,必須具有相當長度的隧道及適切的管理等客觀因素的配合,才能與傳統使用之鑽炸法(Drilling and Blasting Method,簡稱D/B)在成本上互相競爭。
英文摘要
This paper aims to see how the geotechnical factors and other elements of tunneling systems will affect the performance of the full face disc cutter tunnel boring machine(TBM). The performance of TBM can be defined in terms of cutting factor and utilization factor. The cutting factor can be simply expressed as penetration per unit time. Based on the disc cutting mechanism, the relation between tool force, rock material properties, penetration, machine full thrust, torque ,cutter spacing, machine power and penetation rate have been discussed in the paper. The utilization factor is a measure of holdups of excavation(down time). The sources of down time primarily resulting from machine operation system, adverse geological conditions, machine maintenance, unreliabity of machine and efficiency of the labor also have been investigated.